Vol. 7, Issue 9, Part A (2025)

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is a medicinal herb with a long history of use in traditional medicine for managing various ailments, including metabolic disorders and inflammatory conditions. The present study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the therapeutic and protective effects of fenugreek seed extracts, focusing on its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and hypocholesterolemic properties. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as diosgenin, trigonelline, and galactomannan, which are responsible for the observed pharmacological effects. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH and FRAP assays, with the seed extract showing remarkable free-radical scavenging potential. Anti-inflammatory effects were indicated by COX-2 inhibition, with a maximum inhibition of 85% observed at the highest concentration. In vivo studies conducted on Wistar rats revealed that fenugreek significantly reduced blood glucose levels (24%) and cholesterol levels (18%), indicating its potential in managing metabolic disorders such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Additionally, the combined therapeutic actions of diosgenin and trigonelline on glucose metabolism were observed, suggesting that the therapeutic potential of fenugreek is enhanced by the combined action of its bioactive compounds. These findings highlight fenugreek’s role as a natural remedy with multiple therapeutic benefits, supporting its use in preventing and managing chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunctions. Future studies, including clinical trials, are needed to establish optimal dosages and confirm its long-term safety and efficacy in human populations.