Vol. 7, Issue 10, Part B (2025)

Agricultural robotics is rapidly maturing from isolated prototypes to integrated systems that combine artificial intelligence (AI), machine vision, and the Internet of Things (IoT). This review synthesizes recent advances, practical deployments, and research challenges at the intersection of robotics, perception, and connectivity in farm machinery. We examine design paradigms for autonomous platforms, sensor suites and vision pipelines for crop/weed/fruit tasks, edge and cloud AI for perception and planning, IoT architectures for fleet and energy management, human-robot interaction and safety, and socio-economic aspects including business models and policy. Representative industrial examples and high-impact demonstrations are discussed to highlight real-world readiness and remaining gaps. Finally, we propose a research agenda—covering duty-cycle datasets, standardized benchmarks, robust perception under agricultural conditions, low-power edge AI, and interoperable IoT standards—that aims to accelerate responsible deployment of robotic systems in diverse farm contexts.