Comparative effects of nano-iron, salicylic acid, and Rizolex fungicide on the growth and biochemical traits of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Abstract:

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of nano-iron and salicylic acid on the physiological and biochemical traits of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in both laboratory and pot experiments. The results showed that the nano-iron significantly enhanced plant growth parameters, increased chlorophyll and carbohydrate contents, and reduced free proline and hydrogen peroxide accumulations, indicating improved photosynthetic efficiency and reduced oxidative stress. Additionally, the laboratory experiments demonstrated that the nano-iron improved nutrient uptake and stimulated metabolic activities, positively affecting cell integrity and antioxidant enzyme activity.
Salicylic acid increased fresh and dry weights of shoots and root systems, elevated chlorophyll and carbohydrate contents, and reduced proline and hydrogen peroxide, reflecting enhanced metabolic processes and physiological performance. 
In contrast, the chemical fungicide Rizolex had limited impact on physiological traits, showing only slight increases in fresh and dry weight and chlorophyll content, with minimal effect on carbohydrates or oxidative stress indicators.
Overall, nano and natural treatments were more effective than chemical fungicides in promoting tomato growth and physiological efficiency, and combining nano-iron with salicylic acid could provide synergistic effects to enhance productivity and plant performance.