Formulating and assessing bioactive antioxidant profile of diverse underutilized traditionally leafy vegetables Chenopodium album l., Marsilea minuta l., and Celosia aregentea l., from tribal regions of Tamil Nadu

Abstract:

The study evaluated the bioactive antioxidant potential of underutilized leafy vegetables Chenopodium album, Marsilea minuta and Celosia argentea collected from rural and tribal regions of Tamil Nadu, with an emphasis on their nutritional and therapeutic significance. Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the consistent presence of alkaloids and terpenoids across all species, while flavonoids were comparatively higher in C. argentea. Tannins and phenols were prominent in C. album and M. minuta but absent in C. argentea, indicating interspecific variation. Antioxidant activities assessed through DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, Hydrogen peroxide scavenging and SOD assays demonstrated significant radical scavenging potential, with C. argentea showing superior efficacy. Based on these findings, a nutrient-rich instant soup powder was formulated, offering extended shelf life, ease of preparation and potential health benefits, including support against iron deficiency and oxidative stress. Overall, these leafy vegetables exhibit strong nutraceutical potential and are suitable for incorporation into functional food products and dietary supplements.