The effect of diverse silver molecules and ancymidol on the number of branches and buds, and the foliage quality of the Barhee date palm, cultured in vitro

Abstract:

The study occurred in the Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering at the University of Basrah’s College of Agriculture. Healthy, disease-free, three-year-old Barhee date palm offshoots are harvested from mature trees. The study’s goal is to determine how silver nanoparticles and Ancymidol impact date palm callus growth and bud regeneration during micropropagation. Samples are gathered from the tips of secondary shoots of Barhee date palms. Modifications were made to the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Auxin, cytokinin, and activated charcoal were used, as were Ancymidol (at concentrations of (0, 1, 2, and 3 mg/L-1) and silver nanoparticles (at concentrations of (0, 0.150, and 0.300 mg/L-1), as well as a combination of the two. The combination (3 mg/L-1Ancymidol +0.300 mg/L-1 silver nanoparticles). Fresh and dry weight of the callus increased notably to 2.280 and 0.195 g. The embryo count was significantly influenced by both Ancymidol and silver nanoparticles, with silver nanoparticles showing a greater effect. The highest count of embryos, 14.87, was achieved with a 0.300 mg/L-1dose, with Ancymidol at 3 mg/L-1 yielding the next highest at 12.76 embryos. Embryo levels increased significantly, reaching 15.45, when 3 mg/L-1 Ancymidol and 0.300 mg/L-1silver nanoparticles were combined. In the control group, roots were both the least numerous and shortest, at 1 cm and 6.07 cm, respectively. The application of 3 mg/L-1 Ancymidol combined with 0.300 mg/L-1 silver nanoparticles significantly boosted root length by 2.33 cm, root number by 12.97, and leaf width by 4 leaves. The study concluded that the best approach involved using 0.300 mg/L-1 of silver nanoparticles and 3 mg/L-1 of Ancymidol in the culture medium. This combination led to improved callus formation and differentiation, as well as a higher number of embryos.